Restriction endonuclease enzymes are produced naturally by
bacterial species as a mechanism of protection against “foreign”
DNA. Each enzyme recognises a specific DNA sequence and
cleaves double-stranded DNA at this site. Hundreds of these
restriction enzymes are now commercially available and provide
a rapid and reliable method of detecting the presence of a
specific DNA sequence within PCR products. This property
becomes especially relevant when a mutation either creates or
destroys the enzyme’s recognition site. By studying the size of
the products that are generated following restriction enzyme
digestion of PCR-amplified DNA (by agarose gel
electrophoresis), it is possible to accurately determine the
presence or absence of a particular mutation.
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